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巴朗词表速记
2004年3月8日 作者：（转载） FanE『翻译中国』
巴朗词表速记（1）神话典故引申词
前言：巴朗词表因其选词的科学性，释义的准确性，以及例句的贴切性而成为广大GRE考生的首选，堪称机考时代的红宝书（或可称“洋宝书”？）。然而其词典式的编排虽然便于查找，却并不便于记忆。为弥补这一不足，本中心出国培训部特按英语单词速记方法将其重新归类，形成速记版，以期为那些希望在尽可能短的时间内攻下巴朗词表的同学助一臂之力。 adamant
ADJ. hard; inflexible.
源自Adam（亚当）
amazon
N. female warrior.
源自亚马逊：神话中一支高大强壮的女战士族
armada
N. fleet of warships.
源自无敌舰队（1588年西班牙进攻英国时的舰队）
aureole
N. sun’s corona; halo.
源自Aurora（曙光女神）
auroral
ADJ. pertaining to the aurora borealis.
源自Aurora（曙光女神）
bacchanalian
ADJ. drunken.
源自bacchus（酒神）
centaur
N. mythical figure, half man and half horse.
源自【希神】半人半马的怪物
联想记忆：“身-头”
chimerical
ADJ. fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; imaginative.
源自【希神】chimera（吐火女怪：狮头、羊身、蛇尾）
cupidity
N. greed.
源自cupid（爱神丘比特）
elysian
ADJ. relating to paradise; blissful.
源自【希神】Elysium（天堂）
iridescent
ADJ. exhibiting rainbowlike colors.
源自Iris（彩虹女神）
jovial
ADJ. good-natured; merry.
源自Jove, Jupiter（木星，传说在其影响力下出生者天性快乐）
juggernaut
N. irresistible crushing force.
源自典故：克利须那在印度东部普利进行的一年一度的游行中，克利须那的神像被载于巨车或大型马车上，善男信女甘愿投身死于其轮下。
labyrinth
N. maze.
来源：Labyrinth原为建在克里特的迷宫
lethal
ADJ. deadly.
源自Lethe（阴间的一条河，人饮其水就会忘掉过去一切）
lethargic
ADJ. drowsy; dull.
源自Lethe（阴间的一条河，人饮其水就会忘掉过去一切）
lilliputian
ADJ. extremely small.
源自lilliput, 小说Gulliver’s Travels中的小人国
martial
ADJ. warlike.
源自Mars（火星, 战神）
mercurial
ADJ. capricious; changing; fickle.
源自Mercury（水星, 水银）
muse
v. ponder.
源自希神：缪斯为宙斯和记忆女神的九个女儿，每一个掌管不同的文艺或者科学
词义演变：文艺女神-灵感-沉思
谐音记忆：“默思”
nemesis
N. someone seeking revenge.
源自【希神】，Nemesis=复仇女神
odyssey
N. long, eventful journey.
源自荷马史诗，奥德赛在特洛伊战争后，在外流浪十年，历经艰险才返乡.
plutocracy
N. society ruled by the wealthy.
源自Plutus（财神、冥王星）
protean
ADJ. versatile; able to take on many forms.
源自Proteus（海神，能随意变换形状以困惑他的俘虏）
saturnine
ADJ. gloomy. 反: genial
源自Saturn（土星, 农神, 铅）
satyr
N. half-human, half-bestial being in the court of Dionysus, portrayed as wanton and cunning.
源自希神：Satyr是一个被描绘成具有人形却有山羊尖耳、腿和短角的森林之神，性喜无节制地寻欢作乐
spartan
ADJ. lacking luxury and comfort; sternly disciplined.
源自Sparta（斯巴达）
sphinx-like
ADJ. enigmatic; mysterious.
源自希神：斯芬克斯（古代希腊神话中带翼的狮身女面怪物）专杀那些猜不出其谜语的人
stygian
ADJ. gloomy; hellish; deathly.
源自Styx（地狱里的一条河）
sylvan
ADJ. pertaining to the woods; rustic.
源自拉丁语Silvanus（森林之神）
tantalize
v. tease; torture with disappointment.
源自Tantalus（因泄漏天机被罚站阴府，又饿又渴，食物和水近在眼前，却拿不到）
thespian
ADJ. pertaining to drama.
源自Thespis（古希腊雅典诗人, 悲剧创始者）
titanic
ADJ. gigantic.
源自Titans（被宙斯击败的一些不守法巨人）
zephyr
N. gentle breeze; west wind.
源自希神：西风之神
巴朗词表速记（2）动物引申词
动物引申词
aquiline
ADJ. curved, hooked.
He can be recognized by his aquiline nose, curved like the beak of the eagle.
源自eagle, aquil为eagle的拉丁体
asinine
ADJ. stupid.
Your asinine remarks prove that you have not given this problem any serious consideration.
源自ass, asinine是ass的形容词
bovine
ADJ. cowlike; placid and dull.
Nothing excites Esther; even when she won the state lottery, she still preserved her air of bovine calm.
源自bull, bovine是bull, cow的形容词
canine
ADJ. related to dogs; doglike.
Some days the canine population of Berkeley seems almost to outnumber the human population.
源自canid（拉丁语，犬科类动物）
coltish
Lively and playful; frisky.
源自colt（小马）
cow
v. terrorize; intimidate.
The little boy was so cowed by the hulking bully that he gave up his lunch money without a word of protest.
由名词cow（牛）转化而成
cower
v. shrink quivering, as from fear.
The frightened child cowered in the corner of the room.
源自cow（牛）
crabbed
ADJ. sour; peevish.
The children avoided the crabbed old man because he scolded them when they made noise.
源自crab（螃蟹），由螃蟹的特性引申而成。构词：N+ed=adj.
dogged
ADJ. determined; stubborn.
Les Miserables tells of inspector Javert’s long, dogged pursuit of the criminal Jean Valjean.
源自dog（狗），由狗的特性引申而成。构词：N+ed=adj.
equestrian
N. rider on horseback.
These paths in the park are reserved for equestrians and their steeds. also ADJ.
源自equester (拉丁语的horse, horseman)
equine
ADJ. resembling a horse.
Her long, bony face had an equine look to it.
源自equester (拉丁语的horse, horseman)
ferret
v. drive or hunt out of hiding.
She ferreted out their secret.
由名词ferret（雪貂）转化而成
gull
v. trick; hoodwink.
Confident no one could gull him, Paul prided himself on his skeptical disposition.
由名词gull（海鸥）转化而成
gullible
ADJ. easily deceived.
Gullible people have only themselves to blame if they fall for con artists repeatedly. As the saying goes, “Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me.”
源自gull（海鸥）
halcyon
ADJ. calm; peaceful.
In those halcyon days, people were not worried about sneak attacks and bombings.
由名词halcyon（翠鸟）转化而成
从形态上联想：heaven
leonine
ADJ. like a lion.
He was leonine in his rage.
源自lion, leon是lion的异体
lionize
v. treat as a celebrity.
She enjoyed being lionized and adored by the public.
源自lion（狮子）
pestilential
ADJ. causing plague; baneful.
People were afraid to explore the pestilential swamp.
pestilence, N.
源自pest（害虫）
phoenix
N. symbol of immortality or rebirth.
Like the legendary phoenix rising from its ashes, the city of San Francisco rose again after its destruction during the 1906 earthquake.
由phoenix（凤凰）引申
ravenous
ADJ. extremely hungry.
The ravenous dog upset several garbage pails in its search for food.
源自raven（大乌鸦）
serpentine
ADJ. winding; twisting.
The car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road.
源自serpent（大蛇）
scavenge
v. hunt through discarded materials for usable items; search, especially for food.
If you need car parts that the dealers no longer stock, try scavenging for odd bits and pieces at the auto wreckers’ yards.
scavenger, N.
由scavenger（食腐动物）逆向缩成
shrew
N. scolding woman.
No one wanted to marry Shakespeare’s Kate because she was a shrew.
由shrew（地鼠）引申
sloth
N. slow-moving tree-dwelling mammal.
Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surroundings, (secondary meaning)
slothful
ADJ. lazy.
The British word “layabout” is a splendid descriptive term for someone slothful: What did the lazy bum do? He lay about the house all day.
sloth, N.
源自sloth（树懒）
sluggard
N. lazy person.
“You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite,” the angry father shouted at his lazy son.
源自slug（鼻涕虫），ard=adj.
sluggish
ADJ. slow; lazy; lethargic.
After two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of exertion.
源自slug（鼻涕虫）
toady
N. servile flatterer; yes man.
Never tell the boss anything he doesn’t wish to hear: he doesn’t want an independent adviser, he just wants a toady, also v.
源自toad（癞蛤蟆）
ursine
ADJ. bearlike; pertaining to a bear.
Because of its ursine appearance, the great panda has been identified with the bears; actually, it is closely related to the raccoon.
ursus是bear的拉丁体
urchin
N. mischievous child (usually a boy).
Get out! This store is no place for grubby urchins!
由urchin（刺猬）引申
vixen
N. female fox; ill-tempered woman.
Aware that she was right once again, he lost his temper and called her a shrew and a vixen.
由vix（雌狐）引申，英语单词中v与f常可互换，演变过程：vix=fix=fox
vulpine
ADJ. like a fox; crafty.
She disliked his sly ways, but granted him a certain vulpine intelligence.
由vulp（狐狸）引申
巴朗词表速记（3）某些名词的异体形容词
arboretum
arbor=tree
N. place where different varieties of trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited.
Walking along the treelined paths of the arboretum, Rita noted poplars, firs, and some particularly fine sycamores.
arboreal=tree的形容词
aquatic=water的形容词
avuncular
uncle的形容词
ADJ. like an uncle.
Avuncular pride did not prevent him from noticing his nephew’s shortcomings.
ligneous
wood的形容词
ADJ. like wood.
Petrified wood may be ligneous in appearance, but it is stonelike in composition.
lunar
moon的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to the moon.
Lunar craters can be plainly seen with the aid of a small telescope.
osseous
bone的形容词
ADJ. made of bone; bony.
The hollow “soft spot” found at the top of the infant’s skull gradually closes as new osseous tissue fills in the gap.
ossify
bone的形容词
v. change or harden into bone.
When he called his opponent a “bonehead,” he implied that his adversary’s brain had ossified and that he was not capable of clear thinking.
pulmonary
lung的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to the lungs.
In his researches on pulmonary diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings.
sartorial
tailor的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to tailors.
He was as famous for the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his acting.
seismic
earthquake的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to earthquakes.
The Richter scale is a measurement of seismic disturbances.
sidereal
star的形容词
ADJ. relating to the stars.
Although hampered by optical and mechanical flaws, the orbiting Hubble space telescope has relayed extraordinary images of distant sidereal bodies.
spatial
space的形容词
ADJ. relating to space.
Certain exercises test your sense of spatial relations by asking you to identify two views of an object seen from different points in space.
stellar
star的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to the stars.
He was the stellar attraction of the entire performance.
terrestrial
earth的形容词
ADJ. on or relating to the earth.
We have been able to explore the terrestrial regions much more thoroughly than the aquatic or celestial regions.
thermal
heat的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to heat.
The natives discovered that the hot springs gave excellent thermal baths and began to develop their community as a health resort. also N.
vitreous
glass的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to or resembling glass.
Although this plastic has many vitreous qualities such as transparency, it
is unbreakable.
巴朗词表速记（4）人名地名引申词
bohemian
ADJ. unconventional (in an artistic way).
Gertrude Stein ran off to Paris to live an eccentric, bohemian life with her writer friends. Oakland was not bohemian; it was too bourgeois, too middle-class.
源于波希米亚地区不同于世俗生活方式的吉卜赛居民
boycott
源于Boycott上尉：爱尔兰1880年土地联盟骚动期间被其邻里摈弃的土地代理人
v. refrain from buying or using; to refuse to deal with by a group.
The decided to boycott the parking garage.
The boycott achieved lower prices.
To put pressure on grape growers to stop using pesticides that harmed the farm workers’ health, Cesar Chavez called for consumers to boycott grapes, also N.
byzantine
源自Byzantine（拜占廷帝国）
Of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or devious拜占廷的, 爱玩弄阴谋的, 诡计多端的
chauvinist
N. blindly devoted patriot; zealous adherent of a group or cause.
A chauvinist cannot recognize any faults in his country, no matter how flagrant they may be. Likewise, a male chauvinist cannot recognize how biased he is in favor of his own sex, no matter how flagrant that bias may be.
chauvinistic, ADJ.
源自尼古拉斯沙文，传说中以对拿破仑忠诚而闻名的法国士兵
harry
同人名Harry（哈里）
v. harass, annoy, torment; raid.
The guerrilla band harried the enemy nightly.
laconic
源于Lakonikos（斯巴达人，据称以简洁出名）
ADJ. brief and to the point, especially to the point of being rude. 反: verbose.
Many of the characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood are laconic types: strong men of few words.
Machiavellian
源于权谋政治家马基雅弗利
ADJ. crafty; double-dealing.
I do not think he will be a good ambassador because he is not accustomed to the Machiavellian maneuverings of foreign diplomats.
Maverick
可能源自萨缪尔·奥古斯特·麦尔未克(1803-1870年) ，美国Texas州牧场主, 惟独他家牧畜不打烙印。
N. rebel; nonconformist.
To the masculine literary establishment, George Sand with her insistence on wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her proper womanly role.
petrify
petr=peter=stone，同人名彼得
v. turn to stone.
His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her.
petroleum=石油
pharisaical
源自Pharisee（法利赛人）：古代犹太教一派的成员，强调严格解释和遵守摩西法律，无论以口头还是书面的形式
ADJ. pertaining to the Pharisees, who paid scrupulous attention to tradition; self-righteous; hypocritical.
Walter Lippmann has pointed out that moralists who do not attempt to explain the moral code they advocate are often regarded as Pharisaical and ignored.
philistine
源自Philistia（中东古国腓力斯）：该国人被认为俗气、无教养
N. narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclusively interested in material gain.
We need more men and women of culture and enlightenment; we have too many philistines among us.
platonic
ADJ. purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desire.
Accused of impropriety in his dealings with female students, the professor maintained he had only a platonic interest in the women involved.
源自柏拉图
quisling
源自Vidkun Quisling (1887-1945): head of Norway's government during the Nazi occupation (1940-1945)
N. traitor who aids invaders.
In his conquest of Europe, Hitler was aided by the quislings who betrayed their own people and served in the puppet governments established by the Nazis.
Sophist
源自公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家
Sophist: A Greek philosopher of pre-Socratic times who inquired about and speculated on theology, metaphysics, mathematics, and the natural and biological sciences.
soph=wisdom
sophist
源自公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家
N. teacher of philosophy; quibbler; employer of fallacious reasoning.
You are using all the devices of a sophist in trying to prove your case; your argument is specious.
sophisticated
指属于 公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名
ADJ. woridly wise and urbane; complex.
When Sophy makes wisecracks, she thinks she sounds sophisticated, but instead she sounds sophomoric. The new IBM laptop with the butterfly keyboard and the built-in FAX modem is a pretty sophisticated machine.
sophistication, N.
sophistry
指属于 公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名
N. seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning.
Instead of advancing valid arguments, he tried to overwhelm his audience with a flood of sophistries.
sophomoric
指属于 公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名
构词：soph(o)（wisdom）+ more（dull）+ ic（的）
ADJ. immature; half-baked, like a sophomore.
Even if you’re only a freshman, it’s no compliment to be told your humor is sophomoric. The humor in Dumb and Dumber is sophomoric at best.
quixotic
源自Quixote（唐.吉珂德）
ADJ. idealistic but impractical.
Constantly coming up with quixotic, unworkable schemes to save the world, Simon has his heart in the right place, but his head is somewhere off in the clouds.
stoic
源自stoicism（斯多葛学派）
ADJ. impassive; unmoved by joy or grief.
I wasn’t particularly stoic when I had my flu shot; I squealed like a stuck
pig. also N. stoicism, N.
巴朗词表速记（5）文艺词汇
英语中的文艺词汇一般从意大利语引进，多以o、a结尾
diva
N. operatic singer; prima donna.
Although world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fits of temperament.
aria
N. operatic solo.
At her Metropolitan Opera audition, Marian Anderson sang an aria from Norma.
coda
N. concluding section of a musical or literary composition.
The piece concluded with a distinctive coda that strikingly brought together various motifs.
saga
N. Scandinavian myth; any legend.
This is a saga of the sea and the men who risk their lives on it.
stanza
N. division of a poem.
Do you know the last stanza of “The Star-Spangled Banner”?
cantata
N. story set to music, to be sung by a chorus.
The choral society sang the new cantata composed by its leader.
cameo
N. shell or jewel carved in relief; star’s special appearance in a minor role in a film.
Don’t bother buying cameos from the street peddlers in Rome: the carvings they sell are clumsy jobs.
Did you enjoy Bill Murray’s cameo in Little Shop of Horrors? He was onscreen for only a minute, but he cracked me up.
fresco
N. painting on plaster (usually fresh).
The cathedral is visited by many tourists who wish to admire the frescoes by Giotto.
oratorio
N. dramatic poem set to music.
The Glee Club decided to present an oratorio during their recital.
regatta
N. boat or yacht race.
Many boating enthusiasts followed the regatta in their own yachts.
rococo
ADJ. ornate; highly decorated.
The rococo style in furniture and architecture, marked by scrollwork and excessive decoration, flourished during the middle of the eighteenth century.
baroque
ADJ. highly ornate.
Accustomed to the severe, angular lines of modern skyscrapers, they found the flamboyance of baroque architecture amusing.
scenario
N. plot outline; screenplay; opera libretto.
Scaramouche startled the other actors in the commedia troupe when he suddenly departed from their customary scenario and began to improvise.
virtuoso
N. highly skilled artist.
The child prodigy Yehudi Menuhin grew into a virtuoso whose virtuosity on the violin thrilled millions.
virtuosity, N.
